Published
January 7, 2011
Keywords
- Amérindiens,
- colonialisme,
- pensionnat,
- acculturation,
- catholicisme,
- protestantisme,
- école résidentielle,
- école industrielle,
- Dartmouth College,
- régime britannique
...More
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Abstract
Cet article étudie les stratégies élaborées au XVIIIe siècle par Eleazar Wheelock, le président fondateur du Dartmouth College, pour diffuser le protestantisme dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent et la participation des Amérindiens au projet presbytérien dans la province de Québec. En 1772, Wheelock forge une singulière alliance avec des chefs amérindiens pour introduire des missionnaires et des séminaristes dans les communautés autochtones puis recruter des enfants pour les éduquer et les instruire à Hanover (New Hampshire). Malgré les tentatives du clergé catholique-romain pour contrôler ces échanges, les Iroquois, les Abénaquis et les Hurons collaborent. Les protestants s’installent à Kahnawake et Odanak pour apprendre les langues et les coutumes indiennes, instaurent une école pour y enseigner l’anglais et prêcher l’Évangile et recrutent des enfants pour le premier pensionnat fréquenté par les Amérindiens du Québec, l’école industrielle et résidentielle de la Moor’s Indian Charity School du Dartmouth College.
This article examines the strategies developed by Eleazar Wheelock, the founding president of Dartmouth College, to spread Protestantism in the St. Laurence Valley and secure Aboriginal support for Presbyterianism in Quebec. In 1772, Wheelock forged a unique alliance with Aboriginal leaders that permitted the entry of missionaries and seminarians into their communities and the recruitment of children for education and religious instruction in Hanover, New Hampshire. Despite attempts by the Roman Catholic clergy to control these exchanges, the Iroquois, the Abenakis, and the Hurons all collaborated with Wheelock. Protestants settled in Kahnawake and Odanak to learn Aboriginal languages and customs and established a school to teach English, preach the Gospel, and recruit children for the first boarding school attended by Quebec Aboriginals, Moor’s Indian Charity School at Dartmouth College.
